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銀屑病與代謝綜合征綜述(下)

3認識銀屑病與代謝綜合征二者關係的臨床意義

大部分皮膚科醫生和銀屑病患者對銀屑病與代謝綜合征的關係認識不足 [25]。

皮膚科醫生應從系統性炎症的角度認識銀屑病, 考慮患者可能伴隨代謝綜合征、心血管疾病等。 檢查患者的代謝情況, 及時發現代謝異常和心血管疾病的高危因素, 向患者建議就診相關專科醫生。 在制訂診療策略時應對銀屑病及代謝障礙、心血管疾病進行綜合管理, 宣傳健康的生活方式 [26]。

銀屑病的系統治療對代謝有負面作用。 環孢素可以引起高血壓、胰島素抵抗、血脂異常, 高尿酸血症等心血管疾病是環孢素的絕對禁忌證, 阿維 A 會引起高三醯甘油血症和高膽固醇血症。 因此, 在給予銀屑病患者系統用藥前應對其代謝情況進行監測 [27]。

心血管疾病是銀屑病患者不良預後的最主要原因 [28]。 因此, 銀屑病的治療目標不僅是消除皮損,

還有阻斷銀屑病進程, 阻止銀屑病向代謝綜合征、心血管疾病方向發展。 抗 TNF-α 治療可以降低低密度脂蛋白和三醯甘油水準, 並阻斷動脈粥樣硬化進程 [29]。 代謝綜合征患者使用 TNF-α 抑制劑可以使系統炎症和凝血因數水準大幅下降 [30], 這些結果提示抗 TNF-α 治療可以降低系統炎症水準。

4結語

銀屑病與代謝綜合征及心血管疾病等多種疾病相關。 促炎性因數和脂肪細胞因數在代謝綜合征、心血管疾病等銀屑病合併症的發病中起重要作用。 其機制可能是銀屑病形成的系統性炎性因數引起胰島素抵抗, 進而形成代謝障礙。 因此, 不能簡單地認為銀屑病是一種皮膚疾病, 而是一種系統性炎症性疾病。 在臨床實踐中,

對銀屑病進行多學科綜合管理;對患者的代謝情況進行監測;避免使用加重代謝障礙的治療方法;運用生物製劑減輕系統炎症, 同時治療銀屑病並改善代謝障礙。

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